Anchor Build Error Using 0.31.0

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Introduction

Anchor is a popular framework for building Solana programs, and it's not uncommon to encounter errors during the build process. In this article, we'll delve into the details of a specific error that occurs when using Anchor 0.31.0, and provide step-by-step solutions to resolve the issue.

Error Message

The error message is as follows:

error[E0412]: cannot find type `SourceFile` in crate `proc_macro`
   --> ..../.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8b6b5b557f/proc-macro2-1.0.94/src/wrapper.rs:366:26
    |
366 |     Compiler(proc_macro::SourceFile),
    |                          ^^^^^^^^^^ not found in `proc_macro`
    |
help: consider importing one of these structs
    |
1   + use crate::SourceFile;
    |
1   + use crate::fallback::SourceFile;
    |
help: if you import `SourceFile`, refer to it directly
    |
366 -     Compiler(proc_macro::SourceFile),
366 +     Compiler(SourceFile),
    |

error[E0412]: cannot find type `SourceFile` in crate `proc_macro`
   --> ..../.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/proc-macro2-1.0.94/src/wrapper.rs:372:32
    |
372 |     fn nightly(sf: proc_macro::SourceFile) -> Self {
    |                                ^^^^^^^^^^ not found in `proc_macro`
    |
help: consider importing one of these structs
    |
1   + use crate::SourceFile;
    |
1   + use crate::fallback::SourceFile;
    |
help: if you import `SourceFile`, refer to it directly
    |
372 -     fn nightly(sf: proc_macro::SourceFile) -> Self {
372 +     fn nightly(sf: SourceFile) -> Self {
    |

   Compiling libc v0.2.171
   Compiling solana-program-memory v2.1.0
   Compiling rand_core v0.6.4
   Compiling shlex v1.3.0
   Compiling rand_core v0.5.1
   Compiling lazy_static v1.5.0
   Compiling feature-probe v0.1.1
error[E0599]: no method named `source_file` found for reference `&proc_macro::Span` in the current scope
   --> ..../.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/proc-macro2-1.0.94/src/wrapper.rs:462:56
    |
462 |             Span::Compiler(s) => SourceFile::nightly(s.source_file()),
    |                                                        ^^^^^^^^^^^
    |
help: there is a method `source` with a similar name
    |
462 -             Span::Compiler(s) => SourceFile::nightly(s.source_file()),
462 +             Span::Compiler(s) => SourceFile::nightly(s.source()),
    |

   Compiling num-bigint v0.4.6
   Compiling rand_chacha v0.3.1
   Compiling cc v1.2.16
   Compiling arrayref v0.3.9
   Compiling rand_chacha v0.2.2
   Compiling bv v0.11.1
   Compiling log v0.4.26
   Compiling keccak v0.1.5
Some errors have detailed explanations: E0412, E0599.
For more information about an error, try `rustc --explain E0412`.
error: could not compile `proc-macro2` (lib) due to 3 previous errors
warning: build failed, waiting for other jobs to finish...
Error: Building IDL failed. Run `ANCHOR_LOG=true anchor idl build` to see the logs.

Troubleshooting Steps

Step 1: Update Rustc and Anchor

First, let's update Rustc and Anchor to the latest versions. You can do this by running the following commands:

rustup update
anchor update

Step 2: Check Cargo.lock

Next, let's check the Cargo.lock file to ensure that it's up-to-date. You can do this by running the following command:

cargo lock

Step 3: Run Anchor with Debug Logging

Now, let's run Anchor with debug logging enabled to see if it provides any additional information about the error. You can do this by running the following command:

ANCHOR_LOG=true anchor idl build

Step 4: Check for Conflicting Dependencies

Finally, let's check for any conflicting dependencies in our Cargo.toml file. You can do this by running the following command:

cargo tree

This will provide a tree-like view of our dependencies, which can help us identify any conflicts.

Solutions

Solution 1: Update Proc-Macro2

One possible solution to this error is to update the proc-macro2 crate to the latest version. You can do this by adding the following line to your Cargo.toml file:

[dependencies]
proc-macro2 = "1.0.95"

Solution 2: Use a Different Version of Rustc

Another possible solution is to use a different version of Rustc. You can do this by running the following command:

rustup install nightly-2023-05-13

This will install the nightly version of Rustc that was used to build Anchor 0.31.0.

Solution 3: Use a Different Version of Anchor

Finally, if none of the above solutions work, you can try using a different version of Anchor. You can do this by running the following command:

anchor update --version 0.30.0

This will update Anchor to version 0.30.0, which may resolve the issue.

Conclusion

Q: What is the cause of the error?

A: The error is caused by a conflict between the proc-macro2 crate and the proc_macro crate in the Anchor 0.31.0 version.

Q: How can I resolve the error?

A: There are several solutions to resolve the error, including:

  1. Updating the proc-macro2 crate to the latest version.
  2. Using a different version of Rustc.
  3. Using a different version of Anchor.

Q: What is the latest version of proc-macro2?

A: The latest version of proc-macro2 is 1.0.95.

Q: How do I update proc-macro2 to the latest version?

A: To update proc-macro2 to the latest version, add the following line to your Cargo.toml file:

[dependencies]
proc-macro2 = "1.0.95"

Q: What is the difference between Rustc and Anchor versions?

A: Rustc and Anchor are two separate projects that are used together to build Solana programs. Rustc is the compiler for the Rust programming language, while Anchor is a framework for building Solana programs. The versions of Rustc and Anchor can affect the behavior of your program.

Q: How do I update Rustc to a different version?

A: To update Rustc to a different version, use the rustup command. For example, to install the nightly version of Rustc, run the following command:

rustup install nightly-2023-05-13

Q: How do I update Anchor to a different version?

A: To update Anchor to a different version, use the anchor update command. For example, to update Anchor to version 0.30.0, run the following command:

anchor update --version 0.30.0

Q: What are the benefits of using a different version of Anchor?

A: Using a different version of Anchor can resolve issues with the current version, such as the error described in this article. It can also provide new features and improvements.

Q: How do I know which version of Anchor to use?

A: The version of Anchor to use depends on your specific use case and requirements. You can check the Anchor documentation and release notes to determine which version is best for your project.

Q: What are some common issues with Anchor 0.31.0?

A: Some common issues with Anchor 0.31.0 include:

  • The error described in this article.
  • Issues with the proc-macro2 crate.
  • Issues with the proc_macro crate.
  • Issues with the solana-program-memory crate.

Q: How do I troubleshoot issues with Anchor?

A: To troubleshoot issues with Anchor, follow these steps:

  1. Check the Anchor documentation and release notes.
  2. Check the Cargo.toml file for any conflicts or issues.
  3. Run the anchor command to update Anchor to the latest version.
  4. Run the ANCHOR_LOG=true anchor idl build command to enable debug logging.
  5. Check the logs for any errors or issues.

Q: What are some best practices for using Anchor?

A: Some best practices for using Anchor include:

  • Always use the latest version of Anchor.
  • Always check the Cargo.toml file for any conflicts or issues.
  • Always run the anchor update command to update Anchor to the latest version.
  • Always run the ANCHOR_LOG=true anchor idl build command to enable debug logging.
  • Always check the logs for any errors or issues.