CryptoProvider Error For Version >= 0.43

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Introduction

In this article, we will discuss a common issue encountered when using the firestore crate in Rust, specifically with versions greater than or equal to 0.43. The error occurs when trying to create a new instance of FirestoreDb using the new method, resulting in a panic due to the absence of a process-level CryptoProvider. We will explore the root cause of this issue, provide a step-by-step solution, and offer recommendations for avoiding similar problems in the future.

Error Message

The error message is as follows:

thread 'main' panicked at #######/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/rustls-0.23.26/src/crypto/mod.rs:249:14:
no process-level CryptoProvider available -- call CryptoProvider::install_default() before this point
stack backtrace:
   0: rust_begin_unwind
             at /rustc/4d91de4e48198da2e33413efdcd9cd2cc0c46688/library/std/src/panicking.rs:692:5
   1: core::panicking::panic_fmt
             at /rustc/4d91de4e48198da2e33413efdcd9cd2cc0c46688/library/core/src/panicking.rs:75:14
   2: core::panicking::panic_display
             at /rustc/4d91de4e48198da2e33413efdcd9cd2cc0c46688/library/core/src/panicking.rs:261:5
   3: core::option::expect_failed
             at /rustc/4d91de4e48198da2e33413efdcd9cd2cc0c46688/library/core/src/option.rs:2024:5
   4: core::option::Option<T>::expect
             at #######/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/src/rust/library/core/src/option.rs:933:21
   5: rustls::crypto::CryptoProvider::get_default_or_install_from_crate_features
             at #######/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/rustls-0.23.26/src/crypto/mod.rs:248:24
   6: rustls::client::client_conn::ClientConfig::builder_with_protocol_versions
             at #######/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/rustls-0.23.26/src/client/client_conn.rs:316:13
   7: rustls::client::client_conn::ClientConfig::builder
             at #######/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/rustls-0.23.26/src/client/client_conn.rs:293:9
   8: tonic::transport::channel::service::tls::TlsConnector::new
             at #######/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/tonic-0.12.3/src/transport/channel/service/tls.rs:36:23
   9: tonic::transport::channel::tlsClientTlsConfig::into_tls_connector
             at #######/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/tonic-0.12.3/src/transport/channel/tls.rs:120:9
  10: tonic::transport::channel::endpoint::Endpoint::tls_config
             at #######/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/tonic-0.12.3/src/transport/channel/endpoint.rs:251:17
  11: gcloud_sdk::api_client::GoogleEnvironment::init_google_services_channel::{{closure}}
             at #######/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/gcloud-sdk-0.25.8/src/api_client.rs:206:13
  12: gcloud_sdk::api_client::GoogleApiClient<B,C>::with_token_source::{{closure}}
             at #######/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/gcloud-sdk-0.25.8/src/api_client.rs:51:87
  13: gcloud_sdk::api_client::GoogleApiClient<gcloud_sdk::api_client::GoogleApiClientBuilderFunction<C>,C>::from_function_with_token_source::{{closure}}
             at #######/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/gcloud-sdk-0.25.8/src/api_client.rs:141:10
  14: firestore::db::FirestoreDb::with_options_token_source::{{closure}}
             at #######/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/firestore-0.43.1/src/db/mod.rs:164:10
  15: firestore::db::FirestoreDb::with_options::{{closure}}
             at #######/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/firestore-0.43.1/src/db/mod.rs:114:10
  16: firestore::db::FirestoreDb::new::{{closure}}
             at #######/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/firestore-0.43.1/src/db/mod.rs:105:10
....

Root Cause

The root cause of this issue lies in the way the firestore crate interacts with the rustls crate, which is used for TLS encryption. In versions greater than or equal to 0.43, the firestore crate requires a process-level CryptoProvider to be installed before creating a new instance of FirestoreDb. However, in the provided code, this installation is not performed, resulting in the panic.

Solution

To resolve this issue, you need to install the default CryptoProvider before creating a new instance of FirestoreDb. You can do this by calling the install_default method on the CryptoProvider instance:

use rustls::crypto::CryptoProvider;

fn main() {
    let crypto_provider = CryptoProvider::install_default().unwrap();
    // Create a new instance of FirestoreDb
    let db = FirestoreDb::new("your-project-id").unwrap();
    // ...
}

Alternatively, you can also use the get_default_or_install_from_crate_features method to install the default CryptoProvider if it is not already installed:

use rustls::crypto::CryptoProvider;

fn main() {
    let crypto_provider = CryptoProvider::get_default_or_install_from_crate_features().unwrap();
    // Create a new instance of FirestoreDb
    let db = FirestoreDb::new("your-project-id").unwrap();
    // ...
}

Recommendations

To avoid similar issues in the future, follow these recommendations:

  1. Check the documentation: Before updating your dependencies, make sure to check the documentation for any changes or breaking updates.
  2. Test thoroughly: Perform thorough testing after updating your dependencies to ensure that everything is working as expected.
  3. Use a version manager: Consider using a version manager like rustup to manage your Rust versions and dependencies.
  4. Keep your dependencies up-to-date: Regularly update your dependencies to ensure that you have the latest security patches and features.

Q: What is the CryptoProvider error?

A: The CryptoProvider error is a panic that occurs when trying to create a new instance of FirestoreDb using the new method, resulting in the absence of a process-level CryptoProvider.

Q: What is the root cause of this issue?

A: The root cause of this issue lies in the way the firestore crate interacts with the rustls crate, which is used for TLS encryption. In versions greater than or equal to 0.43, the firestore crate requires a process-level CryptoProvider to be installed before creating a new instance of FirestoreDb.

Q: How can I resolve this issue?

A: To resolve this issue, you need to install the default CryptoProvider before creating a new instance of FirestoreDb. You can do this by calling the install_default method on the CryptoProvider instance:

use rustls::crypto::CryptoProvider;

fn main() {
    let crypto_provider = CryptoProvider::install_default().unwrap();
    // Create a new instance of FirestoreDb
    let db = FirestoreDb::new("your-project-id").unwrap();
    // ...
}

Alternatively, you can also use the get_default_or_install_from_crate_features method to install the default CryptoProvider if it is not already installed:

use rustls::crypto::CryptoProvider;

fn main() {
    let crypto_provider = CryptoProvider::get_default_or_install_from_crate_features().unwrap();
    // Create a new instance of FirestoreDb
    let db = FirestoreDb::new("your-project-id").unwrap();
    // ...
}

Q: What are the recommendations for avoiding similar issues in the future?

A: To avoid similar issues in the future, follow these recommendations:

  1. Check the documentation: Before updating your dependencies, make sure to check the documentation for any changes or breaking updates.
  2. Test thoroughly: Perform thorough testing after updating your dependencies to ensure that everything is working as expected.
  3. Use a version manager: Consider using a version manager like rustup to manage your Rust versions and dependencies.
  4. Keep your dependencies up-to-date: Regularly update your dependencies to ensure that you have the latest security patches and features.

Q: What are the benefits of using a version manager like rustup?

A: Using a version manager like rustup can help you manage your Rust versions and dependencies more efficiently. It allows you to easily switch between different versions of Rust and manage your dependencies in a centralized way.

Q: How can I keep my dependencies up-to-date?

A: You can keep your dependencies up-to-date by regularly checking the Cargo.toml file for any updates. You can also use tools like cargo update to automatically update your dependencies.

Q: What are the best practices for testing dependencies?

A: The best practices for testing dependencies include:

  1. Thorough testing: Perform thorough testing after updating your dependencies to ensure everything is working as expected.
  2. Regression testing: Perform regression testing to ensure that the updated dependencies do not break any existing functionality.
  3. Integration testing: Perform integration testing to ensure that the updated dependencies work seamlessly with other dependencies.

By following these best practices, you can ensure that your code is stable and secure, and that you are able to quickly identify and resolve any issues that may arise.