How Did The Views On Footbinding Among Female Members Of The Imperial Court During The Late Qing Dynasty, Particularly During The Reign Of Empress Dowager Cixi, Influence The Development Of The Natural Foot Movement And Its Subsequent Impact On The Lives Of Commoner Women In The Lower Yangtze Region?

The influence of the imperial court's views on footbinding during Empress Dowager Cixi's reign and its impact on the natural foot movement and commoner women in the lower Yangtze region can be understood through several key points:

1. Footbinding Practice and Imperial Court Influence: Footbinding was a long-standing practice symbolizing status and beauty, with the imperial court under Empress Dowager Cixi continuing this tradition. Cixi, known for her own bound feet, was a conservative leader who initially supported such practices, reinforcing their cultural significance.

2. Emergence of the Natural Foot Movement: The natural foot movement, advocating against footbinding, emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Despite the imperial court's initial support for footbinding, the movement gained momentum, partly as a reaction against traditional practices and influenced by foreign missionaries who criticized footbinding.

3. Empress Dowager Cixi's Stance: While Cixi was associated with bound feet, there is evidence suggesting she later supported the natural foot movement, possibly recognizing changing societal norms. Her eventual support may have legitimized the movement, though her earlier resistance likely slowed its initial progress.

4. Impact on Commoner Women in the Lower Yangtze Region: The lower Yangtze, being economically developed, saw significant effects from the movement. Women there could engage more in economic activities, leading to greater social freedom and changes in marriage practices. The movement's success in this region was also driven by practical needs and exposure to reformist ideas.

5. Role of Foreign Influence and Missionaries: Western missionaries played a crucial role in criticizing footbinding, contributing to the movement's growth. Their influence, combined with changing social norms, pressured the imperial court and society to reconsider traditional practices.

In conclusion, while the imperial court's initial support for footbinding under Cixi's reign slowed the natural foot movement, the movement's growth, aided by foreign influence and changing norms, led to significant changes for commoner women in the lower Yangtze. This region's prosperity facilitated the movement's practical adoption, enhancing women's freedom and economic participation.