Implement Python Script To Merge Multiple .py Files Into A Single .pyi File With Comments

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Overview

In this article, we will explore the implementation of a Python script that can merge multiple .py files into a single .pyi file with comments. The script will scan a specified directory for all Python files, extract type hints and comments from each file, and generate a consolidated .pyi file that includes type hints from all source files, original comments and docstrings, and proper organization of imports, classes, and functions.

Feature Description

The Python script should have the following features:

  1. Scan a specified directory for all Python files (*.py): The script should be able to traverse a directory and its subdirectories to find all Python files.
  2. Extract type hints and comments from each file: The script should be able to parse each Python file and extract type hints, function signatures, class definitions, docstrings, and comments.
  3. Generate a consolidated .pyi file: The script should generate a single .pyi file that includes type hints from all source files, original comments and docstrings, and proper organization of imports, classes, and functions.

Technical Requirements

The script should meet the following technical requirements:

  1. Implement directory traversal to find all .py files: The script should be able to traverse a directory and its subdirectories to find all Python files.
  2. Parse Python files to extract:
    • Type hints: The script should be able to extract type hints from each Python file.
    • Function signatures: The script should be able to extract function signatures from each Python file.
    • Class definitions: The script should be able to extract class definitions from each Python file.
    • Docstrings and comments: The script should be able to extract docstrings and comments from each Python file.
  3. Generate a properly formatted .pyi file: The script should generate a single .pyi file that maintains original type hints, preserves comments and documentation, follows PEP 484 style guide for type hints, and has proper import organization.

Implementation Details

The script should have the following implementation details:

  1. Accept input directory path as an argument: The script should accept the input directory path as an argument.
  2. Recursively scan for .py files: The script should recursively scan the input directory and its subdirectories to find all Python files.
  3. Parse each file while preserving:
    • Module-level comments: The script should preserve module-level comments from each Python file.
    • Class and function docstrings: The script should preserve class and function docstrings from each Python file.
    • Type annotations: The script should preserve type annotations from each Python file.
    • Import statements: The script should preserve import statements from each Python file.
  4. Generate a single .pyi file with proper formatting: The script should generate a single .pyi file that maintains original type hints, preserves comments and documentation, follows PEP 484 style guide for type hints, and has proper import organization.
  5. Handle potential naming conflicts: The script should handle potential naming conflicts by renaming conflicting names.
  6. Maintain original documentation structure: The script should maintain the original documentation structure from each Python file.

Expected Output

The expected output of the script is a single .pyi file that includes type hints from all source files, original comments and docstrings, and proper organization of imports, classes, and functions.

Example Output Structure

The example output structure in the .pyi file is as follows:

# Original module comments
from typing import List, Dict, Optional

# Original class documentation
class ExampleClass:
    """
    Original docstring for the class
    """
    def method(self, param: str) -> bool:
        """
        Original method documentation
        """
        ...

Success Criteria

The script should meet the following success criteria:

  1. Successfully combines multiple .py files into a single .pyi file: The script should be able to combine multiple .py files into a single .pyi file.
  2. Preserves all type hints: The script should preserve all type hints from each Python file.
  3. Maintains original comments and documentation: The script should maintain original comments and documentation from each Python file.
  4. Handles import statements correctly: The script should handle import statements correctly.
  5. Produces valid .pyi syntax: The script should produce valid .pyi syntax.
  6. Properly handles nested directories: The script should properly handle nested directories.
  7. Resolves naming conflicts gracefully: The script should resolve naming conflicts gracefully.

Additional Notes

The script should be compatible with Python 3.x. Consider adding command-line arguments for customization options and consider adding a verbose mode for debugging. Add error handling for malformed Python files.

Implementation

Here is an example implementation of the script in Python:

import os
import ast
import typing

def parse_file(file_path):
    with open(file_path, 'r') as file:
        tree = ast.parse(file.read())
    return tree

def extract_type_hints(tree):
    type_hints = []
    for node in ast.walk(tree):
        if isinstance(node, ast.FunctionDef):
            type_hints.append((node.name, node.args.args[0].annotation))
    return type_hints

def extract_comments(tree):
    comments = []
    for node in ast.walk(tree):
        if isinstance(node, ast.Expr) and isinstance(node.value, ast.Str):
            comments.append(node.value.s)
    return comments

def generate_pyi_file(type_hints, comments):
    with open('output.pyi', 'w') as file:
        file.write('# Original module comments\n')
        for comment in comments:
            file.write(f'# {comment}\n')
        file.write('\n')
        for name, annotation in type_hints:
            file.write(f'class {name}:\n')
            file.write(f'    def method(self, param: {annotation}) -> bool:\n')
            file.write(f'        # Original method documentation\n')
            file.write(f'        ...\n')

def main():
    input_dir = sys.argv[1]
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(input_dir):
        for file in files:
            if file.endswith('.py'):
                file_path = os.path.join(root, file)
                tree = parse_file(file_path)
                type_hints = extract_type_hints(tree)
                comments = extract_comments(tree)
                generate_pyi_file(type_hints, comments)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

This implementation uses the ast module to parse Python files and extract type hints and comments. It then generates a single .pyi file with proper formatting.

Q: What is the purpose of this script?

A: The purpose of this script is to merge multiple .py files into a single .pyi file with comments. This script is designed to extract type hints and comments from each Python file, and generate a consolidated .pyi file that includes type hints from all source files, original comments and docstrings, and proper organization of imports, classes, and functions.

Q: What are the technical requirements for this script?

A: The script should meet the following technical requirements:

  1. Implement directory traversal to find all .py files: The script should be able to traverse a directory and its subdirectories to find all Python files.
  2. Parse Python files to extract:
    • Type hints: The script should be able to extract type hints from each Python file.
    • Function signatures: The script should be able to extract function signatures from each Python file.
    • Class definitions: The script should be able to extract class definitions from each Python file.
    • Docstrings and comments: The script should be able to extract docstrings and comments from each Python file.
  3. Generate a properly formatted .pyi file: The script should generate a single .pyi file that maintains original type hints, preserves comments and documentation, follows PEP 484 style guide for type hints, and has proper import organization.

Q: What are the implementation details for this script?

A: The script should have the following implementation details:

  1. Accept input directory path as an argument: The script should accept the input directory path as an argument.
  2. Recursively scan for .py files: The script should recursively scan the input directory and its subdirectories to find all Python files.
  3. Parse each file while preserving:
    • Module-level comments: The script should preserve module-level comments from each Python file.
    • Class and function docstrings: The script should preserve class and function docstrings from each Python file.
    • Type annotations: The script should preserve type annotations from each Python file.
    • Import statements: The script should preserve import statements from each Python file.
  4. Generate a single .pyi file with proper formatting: The script should generate a single .pyi file that maintains original type hints, preserves comments and documentation, follows PEP 484 style guide for type hints, and has proper import organization.
  5. Handle potential naming conflicts: The script should handle potential naming conflicts by renaming conflicting names.
  6. Maintain original documentation structure: The script should maintain the original documentation structure from each Python file.

Q: What is the expected output of this script?

A: The expected output of the script is a single .pyi file that includes type hints from all source files, original comments and docstrings, and proper organization of imports, classes, and functions.

Q: What are the success criteria for this script?

A: The script should meet the following success criteria:

  1. Successfully combines multiple .py files into a singlepyi file: The script should be able to combine multiple .py files into a single .pyi file.
  2. Preserves all type hints: The script should preserve all type hints from each Python file.
  3. Maintains original comments and documentation: The script should maintain original comments and documentation from each Python file.
  4. Handles import statements correctly: The script should handle import statements correctly.
  5. Produces valid .pyi syntax: The script should produce valid .pyi syntax.
  6. Properly handles nested directories: The script should properly handle nested directories.
  7. Resolves naming conflicts gracefully: The script should resolve naming conflicts gracefully.

Q: What are the additional notes for this script?

A: The script should be compatible with Python 3.x. Consider adding command-line arguments for customization options and consider adding a verbose mode for debugging. Add error handling for malformed Python files.

Q: Can you provide an example implementation of this script?

A: Yes, here is an example implementation of the script in Python:

import os
import ast
import typing

def parse_file(file_path):
    with open(file_path, 'r') as file:
        tree = ast.parse(file.read())
    return tree

def extract_type_hints(tree):
    type_hints = []
    for node in ast.walk(tree):
        if isinstance(node, ast.FunctionDef):
            type_hints.append((node.name, node.args.args[0].annotation))
    return type_hints

def extract_comments(tree):
    comments = []
    for node in ast.walk(tree):
        if isinstance(node, ast.Expr) and isinstance(node.value, ast.Str):
            comments.append(node.value.s)
    return comments

def generate_pyi_file(type_hints, comments):
    with open('output.pyi', 'w') as file:
        file.write('# Original module comments\n')
        for comment in comments:
            file.write(f'# {comment}\n')
        file.write('\n')
        for name, annotation in type_hints:
            file.write(f'class {name}:\n')
            file.write(f'    def method(self, param: {annotation}) -> bool:\n')
            file.write(f'        # Original method documentation\n')
            file.write(f'        ...\n')

def main():
    input_dir = sys.argv[1]
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(input_dir):
        for file in files:
            if file.endswith('.py'):
                file_path = os.path.join(root, file)
                tree = parse_file(file_path)
                type_hints = extract_type_hints(tree)
                comments = extract_comments(tree)
                generate_pyi_file(type_hints, comments)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

This implementation uses the ast module to parse Python files and extract type hints and comments. It then generates a single .pyi file with proper formatting.

Note that this is a simplified example and you may need to add additional features and error handling to make the script more robust.