To What Extent Did The Influence Of George Villiers, 1st Duke Of Buckingham, On James I's Foreign Policy Decisions Contribute To The Monarch's Willingness To Bypass Traditional Parliamentary Protocols In Favor Of A More Absolutist Approach, Particularly In Regards To The 1624 Forced Loan And Its Implications For The Relationship Between The Crown And The English Gentry?

The influence of George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, on James I's foreign policy significantly contributed to the monarch's move towards absolutism, particularly evident in the 1624 forced loan. Villiers, as a favorite of James I, held considerable sway over the king's decisions, especially in navigating the complex European political landscape. His influence likely encouraged James to adopt foreign policies that increased expenditures, such as involvement in European conflicts and support for Protestant states, which traditional parliamentary funding might not readily support.

Faced with financial needs exacerbated by these policies, James I resorted to the forced loan of 1624, bypassing Parliament. This action underscored a shift towards absolutism, as it directly challenged the established parliamentary right to approve taxation. The gentry, a key component of Parliament, viewed this as an overreach, leading to heightened tensions and contributing to future conflicts during Charles I's reign.

While Villiers was a catalyst for these policies, James I's inherent belief in the divine right of kings likely predisposed him to centralize power. The failed Spanish Match and increased military expenses further necessitated alternative funding, solidifying the decision to impose the forced loan.

In summary, Villiers' influence on foreign policy and the resultant financial strain prompted James I to adopt absolutist measures like the forced loan, straining crown-gentry relations and setting the stage for future parliamentary conflicts.