What Are The Optimal Spectral And Spatial Resolution Requirements For Sentinel-2 Satellite Imagery To Accurately Detect And Quantify The Extent Of Mangrove Forest Blue Carbon Stocks In A Mixed-species, Tidally-influenced Wetland Environment With A Complex Matrix Of Water, Mudflats, And Vegetated Habitats?
To accurately detect and quantify mangrove blue carbon stocks using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery in a complex, tidally-influenced wetland, the following approach is recommended:
Spectral Resolution:
- Multispectral Bands: Utilize Sentinel-2's 13 spectral bands, focusing on the visible (B2 blue, B3 green, B4 red), near-infrared (B8), and short-wave infrared (B11, B12) bands. These are crucial for distinguishing mangroves from other vegetation and habitats.
- Red-Edge Bands: Incorporate B5, B6, and B7 for assessing vegetation health and chlorophyll content, which are indicators of mangrove productivity and carbon stock.
Spatial Resolution:
- 10m Resolution: The highest spatial resolution available from Sentinel-2 is optimal for capturing the fragmented and narrow structures of mangrove environments, providing sufficient detail for accurate mapping.
Temporal Considerations:
- Tidal Timing: Ensure images are captured during optimal tidal phases to minimize water cover and maximize vegetation visibility.
- Revisit Time: Leverage Sentinel-2's 5-day revisit capability to acquire cloud-free images and monitor temporal changes, though single assessments may suffice depending on the study.
Processing Techniques:
- Atmospheric Correction: Apply Sen2Cor for accurate surface reflectance, essential for reliable spectral analysis.
- Classification Methods: Use advanced techniques such as object-based image analysis and machine learning algorithms to handle the complex habitat matrix, integrating field data for validation.
Additional Considerations:
- Data Integration: Consider combining Sentinel-2 data with other sources, like Sentinel-1 SAR, for enhanced accuracy, though Sentinel-2 alone is sufficient for many applications.
- Time-Series Analysis: Use multi-temporal data to monitor changes and understand carbon sequestration dynamics, though seasonal variations may require careful planning.
Conclusion:
Sentinel-2's 10m spatial resolution with its comprehensive spectral bands is well-suited for assessing mangrove blue carbon stocks. Effective use of tidal timing, atmospheric correction, and advanced classification methods will enhance accuracy, supported by field validation for reliable results.