What Are The Possible Influences Of The Romanesque Revival Style On The Design Of The Nave And Transept In 12th-century Norman Parish Churches In Kent, And How Do The Examples Of St. Mary's Church In Chilham And St. Peter And St. Paul's Church In Newington Reflect These Influences In Their Use Of Rounded Arches, Squat Columns, And Wall-passage Systems?

The Romanesque Revival style significantly influenced the design of 12th-century Norman parish churches in Kent, as seen in the nave and transept of St. Mary's Church in Chilham and St. Peter and St. Paul's Church in Newington. Key elements such as rounded arches, squat columns, and wall-passage systems reflect this influence:

1. Rounded Arches: These were a defining feature, borrowed from Roman architecture, providing structural strength and simplicity. In both churches, they form the arcades of the nave and transept, contributing to a robust and balanced design.

2. Squat Columns: Simple and sturdy, these columns support the rounded arches, typical of Romanesque architecture. In Chilham, the columns are cylindrical and undecorated, while in Newington, they may have slight detailing, yet both maintain the solid, durable aesthetic of the style.

3. Wall-Passage Systems: Thick walls, a hallmark of Romanesque design, provided structural support and security. In Chilham, the walls may include internal passages or recessed arches, while Newington's structure likely features similar robust wall construction, possibly with elements like a triforium.

These elements, characteristic of the Romanesque Revival, were adopted by Norman architects to create churches that were both functional and symbolic of strength and permanence. The use of rounded arches and squat columns in both churches exemplifies the Norman adaptation of Romanesque styles, resulting in structures that are enduring examples of this architectural tradition.