What Is The Optimal Ratio Of Calcite To Vaterite In Coccolithophore Biomineralization That Would Allow For The Most Efficient Sequestration Of CO2 While Minimizing The Impact Of Ocean Acidification On Coral Reefs, And How Can This Be Translated To The Development Of Biomimetic Bone Grafts With Enhanced Osteoconductivity?

The optimal ratio of calcite to vaterite in coccolithophore biomineralization for efficient CO2 sequestration while minimizing ocean acidification impact on coral reefs involves a balance between the two minerals. Calcite, being more stable, is effective for long-term CO2 sequestration, while vaterite, less stable, can help mitigate ocean acidification by releasing carbonate ions. A suggested ratio might be approximately 70% calcite to 30% vaterite, though this could vary based on environmental conditions. This balance allows for effective sequestration while buffering against acidity, benefiting coral reefs by maintaining a more stable pH.

Translating this to biomimetic bone grafts, a combination of calcite and vaterite offers both structural integrity and controlled resorption. Calcite provides long-term support, while vaterite's dissolution promotes bone ingrowth and healing. A potential ratio could favor more calcite for initial strength and sufficient vaterite for gradual resorption, enhancing osteoconductivity. This approach mimics natural mineralization processes to develop advanced bone graft materials.