What Role Did The Code Noir's Provisions Regarding The Use Of Enslaved Africans As Médicins And Chirurgiens Play In The Development Of Medical Practices On Saint-Domingue's Plantations During The Late 18th Century, And How Did This Impact The Epidemiology Of Diseases Such As Malaria And Yellow Fever Among Both Enslaved And Free Populations?

The Code Noir, a regulatory framework for slavery in French colonies like Saint-Domingue, included provisions mandating plantation owners to provide medical care to enslaved Africans. This led to the utilization of enslaved individuals as medical practitioners, who often employed traditional African remedies alongside European practices. Their role was significant in addressing diseases such as malaria and yellow fever, prevalent in the tropical environment. Despite their knowledge of local herbs and potential treatments, their effectiveness was hindered by limited resources and autonomy, often under the supervision of European doctors. While they contributed to disease management within enslaved communities, their impact on the broader population, including colonists, was indirect and possibly limited by segregation in medical practice. Overall, their efforts likely mitigated disease spread to some extent, though systemic constraints meant their full potential wasn't realized.