What Was The Extent Of Overlap And Cooperation Between The Khilafat Committee's Non-Cooperation Movement And The Hindu Mahasabha's Early 20th-century Efforts To Establish A Unified Hindu Identity, Particularly In Regards To Their Respective Stances On The 1921 Malabar Rebellion And The Moplah Uprising's Impact On Communal Relations In The Region?

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The Khilafat Committee's Non-Cooperation Movement and the Hindu Mahasabha's efforts in early 20th-century India exhibited limited overlap and cooperation, particularly influenced by their stances on the 1921 Malabar Rebellion. Here's a structured summary of their relationship and impact:

  1. Khilafat Committee and Non-Cooperation Movement:

    • Focused on Muslim concerns post-WWI, particularly regarding the Ottoman Empire.
    • Joined Gandhi's Non-Cooperation Movement to oppose British rule through non-violence, seeking Hindu-Muslim unity.

  2. Hindu Mahasabha's Goals:

    • Aimed to promote Hindu identity and unity, which sometimes placed them at odds with Muslim groups, especially during communal tensions.

  3. 1921 Malabar Rebellion (Moplah Uprising):

    • A Muslim rebellion against British rule and Hindu landlords, marked by communal violence.
    • The Khilafat Committee supported the Moplahs, viewing the uprising as part of their anti-British movement.
    • The Hindu Mahasabha condemned the violence against Hindus, focusing on protecting Hindu interests.

  4. Extent of Cooperation:

    • Initial cooperation within the broader Non-Cooperation Movement, but the Moplah uprising highlighted differences.
    • The violence drove a wedge between the groups, reducing cooperation as each focused on their community's needs.

  5. Impact on Communal Relations:

    • The Moplah uprising exacerbated communal tensions, pushing the Hindu Mahasabha to prioritize Hindu issues and the Khilafat Committee to focus on Muslim concerns.

In conclusion, while both movements were part of the Indian independence struggle, their divergent focuses and responses to the Moplah uprising limited cooperation and increased communal tensions.