What Were The Specific Protocols And Procedures In Place For The Royal Flying Corps' (RFC) No. 2 Squadron During The Battle Of Cambrai In November 1917, Particularly With Regards To The Communication And Coordination Between Ground-attack Aircraft And Infantry Units, And How Did These Protocols Influence The Squadron's Role In Supporting The Tank-led Assault On Bourlon Ridge?

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The Royal Flying Corps' (RFC) No. 2 Squadron played a significant role during the Battle of Cambrai in November 1917, particularly in supporting the tank-led assault on Bourlon Ridge. Here's a structured overview of their protocols and procedures:

  1. Squadron Role and Aircraft: No. 2 Squadron was primarily a fighter squadron but adapted to ground attack roles during Cambrai. They likely used aircraft such as the SE.5 or RE.8, which were suitable for both reconnaissance and ground attack missions.

  2. Communication Methods:

    • Visual Signals: The squadron relied heavily on visual communication, including flares, colored panels, and mirrors, to coordinate with ground units. Infantry units would use these signals to mark their positions and targets for aircraft.
    • Pre-arranged Plans: Detailed schedules and liaison officers were used to ensure coordination between air and ground forces. This included designated times for patrols and attacks.

  3. Coordination Protocols:

    • Contact Patrols: Aircraft conducted contact patrols to follow advancing troops, providing real-time intelligence on troop movements and enemy positions.
    • Ground Attack Procedures: Planes would strafe or bomb enemy positions based on signals from the ground, targeting machine gun nests and strongpoints to support tank advances.

  4. Support for Tank Assault:

    • Air Support Role: The squadron provided cover for tanks, scouting ahead to identify obstacles and enemy positions. This involved attacking key targets to facilitate tank movement.
    • Target Acquisition: Aircraft likely used reconnaissance to guide tanks, ensuring they could advance effectively without significant resistance.

  5. Outcome and Influence: The protocols and procedures allowed No. 2 Squadron to effectively support the initial tank assault, contributing to the successful breakthrough. However, the lack of sustained air support during subsequent phases highlighted the need for more enduring coordination.

In summary, No. 2 Squadron's role in the Battle of Cambrai was marked by detailed planning, visual communication, and close coordination with ground forces, which were crucial in the initial success of the tank-led assault on Bourlon Ridge.