What Are The Optimal Kinematic Parameters, Such As Joint Angles, Movement Velocities, And Acceleration Patterns, That Distinguish Between Proficient And Non-proficient Performers Of The Forehand Shot In Tennis For 12-year-old Children, And How Can These Parameters Be Incorporated Into A Motor Skill Development Program To Enhance Learning Outcomes?

by ADMIN 350 views

Optimal Kinematic Parameters and Training Program for Forehand in 12-Year-Old Tennis Players

Kinematic Parameters:

  1. Joint Angles:

    • Shoulder: Approximately 90 degrees during the backswing to generate power.
    • Elbow: Slightly bent to facilitate a snapping motion.
    • Wrist: Around 30 degrees at impact to add topspin.

  2. Movement Velocity and Acceleration:

    • Higher racket head speed just before impact, with smooth acceleration building through the swing.

  3. Footwork:

    • Quicker and more precise steps enabling proper positioning and body rotation.

Training Program Structure:

  1. Assessment:

    • Use video analysis or motion capture to evaluate technique, focusing on joint angles and movement patterns.

  2. Breakdown and Drills:

    • Practice grip, stance, backswing, body rotation, and follow-through separately before combining.

  3. Feedback:

    • Provide immediate feedback using video playback or mirrors to adjust technique.

  4. Age-Appropriate Exercises:

    • Use lighter rackets and lower compression balls to focus on technique without overwhelming players.

  5. Strength and Conditioning:

    • Incorporate basic exercises for core strength, leg power, and arm endurance.

  6. Mental Training:

    • Teach mindfulness and positive reinforcement to enhance focus and calm under pressure.

  7. Progression and Fun:

    • Gradually increase difficulty with more complex shots and incorporate games to maintain engagement.

  8. Technology Integration:

    • Utilize wearable devices or apps for real-time feedback on racket speed and body rotation.

  9. Safety and Well-being:

    • Ensure the program is safe, avoiding overtraining and preventing injuries, with proper warm-up, stretching, and cool-down routines.

This structured approach aims to enhance learning outcomes by focusing on efficient kinematics, technical breakdown, and holistic development, ensuring a fun and effective experience for young players.